Problem domain boot strapping protocol secure infrastructure for newly deployed sensor network network discovery by newly deployed nodes mechanisms to provide a secure infrastructure for newly deployed nodes qcomposite random key pre distribution multipath key reinforcement random pairwise keys. Light weight key establishment scheme for wireless sensor. An overview archana bharathidasan, vijay anand sai ponduru department of computer science university of california, davis, ca 95616 email. Introduction recent advances in electronic and computer technologies have paved the way for the proliferation of wireless sensor networks wsns. However, due to the resource constraints on sensors, it is infeasible to use traditional key management techniques such as public key cryptography and key distribution. Some of the protocols complying to this scheme are. Time synchronization is crucial for wireless sensor networks wsns in performing a number of fundamental operations such as data coordination, power. Key predistribution methods of wireless sensor networks a. However, ntp is subject to a number of critical issues when applied to wsns because of the unique nature of sensor networks. Mclurkin university of california at berkeley berkeley sensor and actuator center submitted to the department of electrical engineering and computer sciences, university of california at berkeley, in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of master of science, plan ii.
Key predistribution methods of wireless sensor networks. To facilitate the study of novel pairwise key predistribution techniques, this paper presents a general framework for establishing pairwise keys between sensors. Because asymmetrickey solutions are difficult to implement in such a resourceconstrained environment, symmetrickey methods coupled with a priori key distribution schemes have been proposed to achieve the goals of data secrecy and integrity. A key predistribution scheme for wireless sensor networks. In proceedings of the annual acm computer and communications security ccs, 2002. The pairwise key generation step is only invoked at the network.
T1 locationaware random pairwise keys scheme for wireless sensor networks. Setting up the key ring for each node select s random keys from the total possible key space randomly select m keys from s for each node keysetup discover all common keys between node and neighbour a single broadcast of key identifiers. For example, in a military setting, many simple sensor nodes may be deployed in a. Wsns are networks of small, batterypowered, memoryconstraint devices named sensor nodes, which have the capability of wireless communication over a restricted area. Pdf distributed pairwise key establishment in wireless. Q composite keys scheme q shared keys instead of 1 initialisation phase. Pairwise key establishment is a fundamental security service in sen sor networks. Extension of pairwise broadcast clock synchronization for multicluster sensor networks. In this article we discuss the relation between distributed computing theory and sensor network applications. Pairwise key establishment is a fundamental security service in sensor networks. Establishing pairwise keys in heterogeneous sensor networks. Li, establishing pairwise keys in distributed sensor networks, acm transactions on information and system security tissec vol. A pairwise key predistribution scheme for wireless sensor networks wenliang kevin du, jing deng, yunghsiang s.
The properties of weak connectivity in subsection based on hypercube model are addressed, for purpose of achieving innerarea pairwise key establishment. In this paper, we present a kind of new clusterbased distribution model of sensor networks, and for which, we propose a new pairwise key predistribution scheme. Request pdf establishing pairwise keys in distributed sensor networks pairwise key establishment is a fundamental security service in sensor networks. In this chapter we outline communication networks, wireless sensor networks and smart sensors, physical transduction principles, commercially available wireless sensor systems, self. Due to constraints on wireless sensor networks wsns traditional security. The selfenforcing scheme depends on asymmetric cryptography, such as key agreement using public key.
Abstract many applications that make use of sensor networks require secure communication. Pairwise path key establishment in wireless sensor networks. Wsns measure environmental conditions like temperature, sound, pollution levels, humidity, wind, and so on. Now wireless sensor networks can be an integral part of military command, control. Distributed algorithms are an established tool for designing protocols for sensor networks. Along the way, we present a few basic and illustrative distributed algorithms. However, the storage cost for a polynomial share is exponential in terms of the group size, making it prohibitive in sensor.
In addition to active and passive attacks on key management tra. To facilitate the study of novel pairwise key predistribution techniques, this paper presents a general frame work for establishing pairwise keys between sensors. The study of wireless sensor networks is challenging in that it requires an enormous breadth of knowledge from an enormous variety of disciplines. Wireless sensor networks are composed of a large number of randomly deployed. In sensor networks, key distribution is usually combined with initial com munication. The drawback is that one pair wise key may be shared by multiple links. Random key predistribution schemes for sensor networks.
Introduction recent advances in electronic and computer technologies have paved the way for the proliferation of wireless sensor networks wsn. Security is assumed to be ensured by the random pairwise key predistribution scheme of chan, perrig, and song, and unreliable wireless links are represented by independent onoff channels. Keys are predeployed according to an unbalanced distribution, i. Recently, it has been observed that by periodically turning on and off the sensing and communication capabilities of sensor nodes, we can significantly reduce the active time and thus prolong network lifetime. Many key agreement schemes used in general networks, such as difehellman and other publickey based schemes, are not suitable for wireless sensor networks due to the limited computational abilities of the sensor nodes. Key distribution mechanisms for wireless sensor networks. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Chieh chao a survey of key distribution in wireless sensor networks security and communication networks security comm. Product construction of key distribution schemes for sensor networks. Extension of pairwise broadcast clock synchronization for multicluster sensor networks kyounglae noh. A pairwise key distribution mechanism and distributed. Duetoresourceconstraints, achieving such key agreement in wireless sensor networks is nontrivial.
This strong assumption is impractical in most of the actual applications of the sensor networks. Establishing pairwise keys in distributed sensor networks 2003. Modeling the network by an intersection of a random kout graph and an erdosr. A keymanagement scheme for distributed sensor networks. Establishing pairwise keys in heterogeneous sensor. Establishing pairwise keys in distributed sensor networks request. In terms of storage re quirements, each sensor only needs to store 2 tdegree polyno mials over fq. Establishing pairwise keys in distributed sensor networks.
Wireless sensor network wsn refers to a group of spatially dispersed and dedicated sensors for monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the environment and organizing the collected data at a central location. First, we model a local network with densely distributed nodes as a hypercube, inspect properties of kdimensional weakconnectivity in subsection of hypercube model, and develop an effective scheme on pairwise key establishment for innerarea nodes. N2 in order to communicate securely in wireless sensor networks, secret keys between neighbor sensor nodes must be established. In addition, a sensor need store the ids of the compromised nodes with which it can establish a pairwise key di rectly. When sensor networks deployed in unattended and hostile environments, for securing communication between sensors, secret keys must be established between them. On secure and reliable communications in wireless sensor. Sensor networks usually consist of a large number of ultrasmall autonomous devices. Establishing symmetric pairwisekeys using public key.
We also show that the security characteristics of probabilistic key distribution based on random. Manets have high degree of mobility, while sensor networks are mostly stationary. Wsn nodes have less power, computation and communication compared to manet nodes. Keys for encryption and authentication purposes must be agreeduponbycommunicatingnodes. Many key establishment schemes have been proposed for large scale sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks wsn the many tiny principle. Besides, each sensor node in a group has probability p s which has a pairwise key with the sensor nodes in its adjacent groups. Key management scheme for distributed networks eschenauer and gligor 6 proposed the basic scheme by predistributing random keys into nodes. However, due to the resource constraints on sensors, it is infeasible to use traditional key management techniques such as public key cryptography and key distribution center kdc. Defence applications need reliable assistance that exploits large sensor data streams, makes context information accessible, optimizes the use of the isr resources, checks plausibility of isr information, suggests options to act properly, helps respecting constraints of. On the connectivity of sensor networks under random. Wireless sensor networks, key predistribution, security 1. Developments on wsn technologies have made applications of ubiquitous computing available in recent a few years. This is a rhetoric method which is highly unfeasible to implement in a practical working wireless sensor network.
An analysis of location independent key pre distribution. Efficient pairwise key establishment scheme for sensor networks. Combinatorial design sensor network key predistribution random merging. Presents a keymanagement scheme designed to satisfy operational and security requirements of dsns by selectively distributing and removing keys from sensor nodes as well as rekeying nodes without. Manet wireless sensor networks may be considered a subset of mobile adhoc networks manet. Wireless sensor networks are composed of lowenergy, smallsize, and lowrange unattended sensor nodes. Key distribution in wireless sensor networks wikipedia. Many securitycritical applications depend on key management processes to operate but also demand a high level of fault tolerance when a node is compromised.
This is the final semiannual technical summary report of the distributed sensor networks dsn program. Establishing pairwise keys in distributed sensor networks acm. In wireless sensor networks, the pairwise keys shared by noncompromised nodes could be compromised, then the adversary would misuse the pairwise keys to forge message report in order to destroy. Distributed signal processing techniques for wireless. A pairwise key predistribution scheme for wireless sensor. Sensor networks are an innovation combining wireless communication, sensing features and embedded technology. Due to constraints on wireless sensor networks wsns traditional security mechanisms cannot be applied directly. Dynamic key management in wireless sensor networks. Predistribution of secret keys for all pairs of nodes is not viable due to the large. Algorithms for distributed sensor networks james d.
These are similar to wireless ad hoc networks in the. Key distribution is an important issue in wireless sensor network wsn design. Leap 15, key management for heterogeneous sensor networks 3,16, pairwise keys in heterogeneous sensor networks 3,16, 17. However, due to the resource constraints on sensors, it is infeasible to use traditional key management techniques. However, due to the resource constraints on sensor nodes, it is not feasible to use traditional key management techniques such as public key cryptography and key distribution center kdc. Efficient pairwise key establishment scheme for sensor. Wireless sensor networks, key predistribution, security article. Thus, each sensor is required to be preloaded with c. Many key agreement schemes used in general networks, such as dif. Extension of pairwise broadcast clock synchronization for. To achieve security in wireless sensor networks, it is important to be able to encrypt and authenticate messages sent among sensor nodes. Wenliang du and jing deng syracuse university yunghsiang s. Two approaches on pairwise key path establishment for.
Makowski, fellow, ieee abstractwe investigate the connectivity of wireless sensor networks under the random pairwise key predistribution scheme of chan et al. The schemes proposed for static sensor networks go through the following twothree phases. Due to memory and power constraints, they need to be well arranged to build a fully functional network. Before the sensor nodes are deployed, we preload each pair of sensors in the same group with a unique pairwise key. Proceedings of the 10th acm conference on computer and communications security, pp. A keymanagement scheme for distributed sensor networks, laurent eschenauer, virgil gligor, november 2002. On the connectivity of sensor networks under random pairwise. Wireless sensor networks may be considered a subset of mobile adhoc networks manet. A pairwise key predistribution scheme for wireless sensor networks. On optimality of key predistribution schemes for distributed. Although security services depend on the key management system, they do not specify how to exchange keys securely. It is theoretically possible to use the general group key distribution protocol in 2 in sensor networks. Varshney department of eecs syracuse university overview wireless sensor networks wsn. According to this method there will be ni secret pairwise keys stored in the memory of each node.
On the connectivity of sensor networks under random pairwise key predistribution osman yagan. Two approaches on pairwise key path establishment for sensor. Locationaware random pairwise keys scheme for wireless. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
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